NapkinCalc

Electricity 1 — DC Circuits

Ohm’s law, series & parallel circuits, the voltage divider, real energy costs, and RC charging.

Three quantities run everything electrical: voltage (the push, V), current (the flow, A) and resistance (the squeeze, Ω). Ohm’s law ties them together, and nearly everything else is bookkeeping on top of it.

  1. 01 Ohm’s law & power I = V/R: double the push, double the flow; double the squeeze, half the flow. Power — how fast electrical energy becomes heat or light — is P = V·I.
  2. 02 Series & parallel Series resistors stack: the current squeezes through both, so resistances ADD. Parallel resistors share: the current has two paths, so the combined resistance…
  3. 03 The voltage divider Two resistors in series split the supply voltage in proportion to their resistance — the single most used sub-circuit in electronics (volume knobs, sensor…
  4. 04 What electricity costs Your meter bills energy, not power: kilowatt-HOURS. A power times a time is an energy — the engine carries the units through.
  5. 05 Capacitors — charging up A capacitor is a small bucket for charge. Through a resistor it fills not linearly but exponentially: fast at first, ever slower. The time constant τ = R·C…

next course: Electricity 2 — AC Circuits →